THE EFFECT OF BIOFUNGICIDES ON THE PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF SPRING BARLEY SEEDS

Abstract

The study of the effectiveness of biological preparations for the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops is relevant because, by reducing the infectious background, they improve the condition of plants already at the initial stages of growth in the absence of a negative impact on the environment. The aim of the research was to establish the effectiveness of biofungicides during the pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds. The research was carried out in the conditions of a laboratory experiment, using seeds of medium-ripe varieties Vakula and Enei. Biofungicides: Vitastim BT – the base of the mycelial fungus Trichoderma harzianum Istokskyi (T.h.) and two strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.f.2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens ARZZ (P.f. АР33): Biogibervit BT – Trichoderma viride M-10 (T.v) and Trichoderma harzianum Istokskyi (T. h); BT Tank mixture – Pseudomonas aureofaciens bacteria pcs. 111, the radiating fungus Streptomyces avermitilis (S. a.); Vitastim BT+ Tank mixture of BT in the ratio 1:1 and 1:2; Biohibervit BT+ Tank mixture of BT in the ratio 1:1 and 1:2; Trichodermin BT – a producer of Trichoderma viride (lignorum) antagonist fungus and SmartGrow Biodoc – is made on the basis of 4 strains of Bacillus subtills, Trichoderma viride-5 mamis, Trichodermaharzianum – 2 strains, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens. The seeds were treated with 3% solutions of drugs. Determination of sowing qualities was carried out by the method of germination in a humid chamber in nurseries on filter paper at a temperature of 20°C. Germination energy and seed infectivity were determined on the fourth day, laboratory germination – on the seventh. The repetition in the experiment is 4 times. A microscope was used to determine the species composition of pathogens, and growth-regulating properties were determined by the biometric method. As a result of the conducted research, it was established: at the initial stages of the development of spring barley plants, biofungicides showed a stimulating effect: the maximum increase in the height of seedlings by 2.1-2.8 times is observed when using 3% solutions of Biogibervit BT, Vitastim BT and compositions of the latter with BT tank mixture in ratios of 1:1 and 1:2; treatment of seeds before sowing with drugs with biofungicidal activity increases laboratory similarity by 2.2...8.0%; biological preparations reduced the development of fungal infection by 51.9- 78.7% (Vitastim BT), 68.9-81.3% (SG Biodoc), 74.0-75.4% (Bakov’ s mixture BT) and 86.9-95.5% (Biogibervit BT); with infection of seeds of the Vakula variety, 30.5%, 52.5% were Alternaria spp., 34.4% – Bipolaris. sorokiniana, 8.2% – Fusarium spp. and 4.9% – Penicillium spp.; the highest protective effect on this variety was given by pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a 3% solution of BT tank mixture, which stopped the development of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium spp. by 100%. and Penicillium spp. and 53.1% – Alternaria spp.; in the structure of the mycocete infection of the Enei variety, Mucor fungi prevailed (79.3%), against which the use of biofungicides Biogibervit BT, Biogibervit BT + Tank mixture BT (1:2), Vitastim BT + Tank mixture BT (1:2) and Trichodermin BT proved to be the most effective. The obtained results of laboratory studies are of practical significance, as they showed not only the importance of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with fungicidal biological preparations in order to increase their sowing qualities, but also revealed the most effective in the fight against fungal infection of spring barley seeds, depending on the species composition of their flora.