DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF PINUS CANARIENSIS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FLORISTIC REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.11.2025.9Keywords:
Canarian pine (Pinus canariensis), distribution, morphology, ecology, biology, introduced species, Mediterranean floristic regionAbstract
Conifers of the Pinopsidae class are a significant component of the modern world’s terrestrial flora, whose representatives (components of the Pinophyta division) represent a phylogenetically very ancient group of some of the earliest naked-seeded plants. They originated at the end of the Paleozoic (285 million years ago) and developed considerably in the Mesozoic era up to and including the Cretaceous period (110–140 million years ago). They are descended from ferns, but have proved to be muchbetter and more reliably adapted to the new climatic conditions of existence, namely, lower humidity and higher temperatures, as well as higher values of the air dryness index. An extremely important step in the evolution of the plant world under the above-mentioned changed environmental conditions was the emergence of a new organ in the naked seeds – the seed with an embryo. Currently, there are 1080 species in the Earth’s flora belonging to 83 genera, which is a significant component of the world’s terrestrial flora. This is a result of the widespread distribution of coniferous species both in the present and in previous geological epochs, as well as the significant importance of their practical use by humankind in various areas of nature management on a number of continents (North America, Eurasia, Africa, Australia) from ancient geological epochs to the present.Currently, pine forests are the most widespread, largest and most efficiently used in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to arctic latitudes. These areas currently account for more than 80%of the total area of coniferous forests on our planet. The taxonomic composition of pines is represented by endemic species of only four genera – Abies Mill. Dietz., Larix Mill. and Pinus L. In southern Europe (at the latitudinal level of southeastern Africa), representatives of the pine family are distributed both in plains and in mountainous areas (at altitudes up to 1000–2850 m above sea level). The largestof the families of the described class, which is represented today by 231 species, is the Pinaceae family. Today, the Canarian pine (Pinus canariensis C. Sm.) is widely cultivated in a number of southern European countries. The article is devoted to the distribution, morphology, ecology and biology of this species of the Mediterranean floristic region. It summariseв literature and author’s data on the structure of the vegetative and generative organs of Canarian pine, ecophysiological features of the speciesand its ability to adapt to new conditions.
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