ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS OF MAIZE UNDER THE APPLICATION OF HERBICIDE AND BIOPREPARATION

Abstract

The prolonged use of high levels of mineral fertilizers and pesticides of various types causes changes in the biological balance of agroecosystems. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the natural fertility of soils and a deterioration in the adaptive potential of cultivated plants, which is determined by nature and selection. Therefore, the introduction of elements of greening in field crop cultivation technologies, in particular the use of various biological products, and the subsequent transition to fully green crop production is becoming a strategic necessity to ensure the country's food security. The study of the enzymatic apparatus of plants plays a leading role in assessing the effectiveness of various bioagents. It is known that enzymatic activity is the fastest and most accurate biomarker of the physiological state of a plant organism, reflecting changes in metabolism even before the appearance of visual morphological signs. Research into the effect of modern biological products on the activity of key enzymes is a fundamental task for the development of highly efficient and environmentally safe technologies for growing agricultural crops. It was found that the use of the herbicide Rinidi, w.g. causes a two-phase reaction of the antioxidant enzyme system of corn plants: primary mobilization of protective enzymes on the 3rd day and their subsequent depletion by the 10th day. In the experimental variants using only the herbicide without the biological product, this manifests itself in a critical drop in catalase activity by 30% relative to the initial surge, accompanied by a steady increase in the level of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. This imbalance indicates a transition of oxidative stress to a chronic phase, the intensity of which is directly proportional to the rate of herbicide application. The inclusion of the Egrow biological product in the tank mixture to a certain extent neutralizes the phytotoxic effect of the herbicide, transforming the direction of protective reactions from destruction to repair. The biological agent provides long-term stabilization of catalase activity and accelerated normalization of the level of other oxidative enzymes. Thus, the addition of the Egrow biological product to the tank mixture is an effective mechanism for greening intensive crop production, as it allows maintaining the physiological stability of the agroecosystem and minimizing the negative effects of pesticide load on the environment.