INFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND BIOPRODUCTION ON THE FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SPRING BARLEY

Abstract

The need for resource conservation and stabilization of grain yield determines the feasibility of using biological products in the technology of growing spring barley as a component of adaptive agriculture in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research was to establish the effectiveness of the use of various biological products on spring barley varieties and determine their impact on the formation of productivity elements and yield variation in the conditions of a specific farm. Field studies were conducted in 2023 – 2025 on typical low-humus black soil in the conditions of the farm "Nazarivske" of the Poltava region, laboratory studies were conducted in the grain quality laboratory of the Poltava State Agrarian University. The experiment was two-factorial: Factor A - variety: Svyatogor, Commander, Vinnytskyi 29. Factor B - biological product: without treatment (control), Mikrohumin, Azotophyte. Sowing was carried out at the optimal time with a seeding rate of 220 kg ha-1, row spacing - 15 cm. Crop care corresponded to zonal recommendations for the conditions of the Forest-Steppe. The research covered a complex of field, laboratory and statistical methods. Field experiments were laid according to the field research methodology with observance of crop rotation, repetition and randomized placement of variants. The density of plant stands was taken into account for further determination of yield structure indicators. Biometric indicators (ear length and weight) were measured and elements of yield structure (number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear) were determined. In laboratory conditions, physical grain indicators were determined: the weight of 1000 grains, grain type. In 2025, the yield of spring barley varieties was the highest over the years of research, which was due to both favorable weather and climatic conditions and the use of biological products. The varieties Svyatogor and Vinnytskyi 29, using the drug Bactolive, provided a yield of 4.11 t ha-1. The highest yield – 4.20 t ha-1 – was obtained from the variety Commander using the biological product Mikrogumin. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of a differentiated approach to the use of biological products depending on the varietal characteristics of spring barley, which contributes to increasing yields and stabilizing grain production in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.