DEPENDENCE OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD INDICATORS ON CALENDAR SOWING DATES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.17.2026.14Keywords:
winter wheat, sowing dates, productive standing, yield structure, 1000-grain weight, varietal adaptabilityAbstract
The article presents the results of two-year research (2024–2025) on the influence of sowing dates on morpho-biometric indicators and yield of winter wheat varieties Bohdana and Vygadko in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine on the basis of the Department of Agriculture of the Institute of Agriculture of the North East of the National Academy of Sciences. It was established that the abnormally warm and arid conditions of autumn 2024 significantly leveled the advantages of early sowing dates; however, analysis of variance confirmed a highly significant (p < 0.001) influence of factors on the formation of ear structure and plant height. The analysis of the yield of the studied varieties of winter wheat depending on the time of sowing revealed a clear differentiation of productivity and a different level of adaptive response of genotypes to changes in agroclimatic conditions. The Bohdana variety proved to be more intensive, achieving a maximum yield of over 7.6 t/ha and the highest 1000-grain weight (49.9 g) when sown on September 20. A characteristic feature of this variety is increased sensitivity to the hydrothermal regime of the initial stages of vegetation. Where as the Vyhadka variety exhibited higher adaptability to late sowing dates (November), ensuring stable grain number per ear (up to 35.0 pcs) with less dependence on hydrothermal stresses. Despite the observed tendencies toward decreased productivity at ultra-late dates, the statistical evaluation of yield (p = 0.20) indicates a predominant influence of limiting environmental factors over varietal characteristics in extreme years, which justifies the necessity of a differentiated approach to selecting sowing dates based on the plasticity of a specific genotype. These data confirm the hypothesis that the selection of the optimal sowing period should be based on the specific adaptive properties of a particular variety. The obtained results give reasons to recommend the Bohdana variety for intensive technologies, provided the optimal sowing dates are observed, and the Vygadka variety as an insurance plastic component of crop rotation, capable of forming a stable harvest over a wider range of calendar dates in the context of aridization of the region's climate.
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