VARIETAL FEATURES OF GRAIN YIELD FORMATION OF NEW MID-EARLY HYBRIDS OF COMMON MAIZE IN THE POLISSIA ZONE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.17.2026.19Keywords:
UIPVE, grain harvesting moisture, moisture yield, hydrothermal coefficientAbstract
Aim: to determine the economically valuable indicators of individual productivity of new mid-early hybrids of common maize when grown in the soil and climatic conditions of the Polissia zone. The study involved 16 mid-early (FAO 200–299) hybrids of Ukrainian selection. Field studies were conducted at the Volyn, Zakarpattia, Lviv, and Rivne branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE) in 2024 and 2025. Trials were established in the last decade of April – first decade of May. The harvest area of one experimental plot was 25 m2, with four replications, and randomized plot arrangement. Agrotechnical measures were aimed at providing optimal conditions for vegetation, nutrition, and plant resistance to diseases and pests. Better moisture dry-down was demonstrated by the hybrids PS 311 (20.0%), Star Seeds S 281 (20.7%), Optix (20.8%), and Albom (20.9%). The highest average indicators of harvesting grain moisture were recorded for the hybrids Bruksa (23.1%) and IR Lopan (22.7%). The average yield of all studied hybrids exceeded the conventional standard by 8–28%. Hybrids Arbol (9.80 t/ha), Optix (9.74 t/ha), and IR Lopan (9.69 t/ha) were distinguished by higher yields. The yields of the hybrids DB Yasinia (9.29 t/ha), Solist (9.46 t/ha), Grinch 2361 (9.55 t/ha), DU Zolotarivka (9.33 t/ha), Bruksa (9.54 t/ha), and Freia (9.26 t/ha) exceeded the conventional standard by more than 20%. Hydrothermal conditions exerted a decisive influence on grain moisture loss: at the Lviv branch in 2024, the harvesting grain moisture was the lowest, reaching 15.0–17.5%, whereas in 2025, prolonged autumn rains caused a delay in moisture dry-down and an increase in harvesting moisture to 36.2% at the Rivne branch. Hybrids Arbol, Optix, and PS 311 demonstrated high yields and satisfactory moisture dry-down, proving to be the most promising for cultivation under the conditions of the Polissia zone.
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