PECULIARITIES OF EARLY ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER MINERAL FERTILIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.17.2026.21Keywords:
urea, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, plant survival after overwintering, tillering coefficientAbstract
The article summarizes the results of three-year field studies conducted in 2024–2026, aimed at investigating the influence of sunflower as a predecessor and various options of mineral nutrition on the formation of morphometric parameters and the survival of winter wheat plants at the early stages of organogenesis. The research was carried out taking into account the application of mineral fertilizers at different rates (60, 90 and 100 kg/ha) during sowing, which made it possible to assess their effect on the development of the root system, aboveground biomass and the intensity of plant tillering. It was established that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly influenced the formation of the root system of winter wheat. Under the application of superphosphate, the root length averaged 6.1 and 6.6 cm; urea 6.3 and 6.73 cm; diammonium phosphate 6.43 and 6.67 cm, which exceeded the control variant without fertilization by 1.8 cm. A clear tendency towards an increase in indicators with rising fertilizer rates was observed, where the increment in root length averaged from 0.2 to 0.5 cm. The maximum values 7.3 cm were recorded in 2025–2026 under the application of urea and diammonium phosphate at a rate of 100 kg/ha, which indicates the intensification of growth processes and improvement of mineral nutrition conditions. The analysis of morphometric indicators of the aboveground part of plants showed that plant height also depended on the type of fertilizer and the year of study. The highest values in 2024 were observed under the application of diammonium phosphate 18.7 cm, in 2025 under superphosphate application 18.5 cm, while in 2026 a certain decrease in indicators was noted, which was due to the influence of hydrothermal conditions. In the control variant, plant height remained lower or unstable, which confirms the decisive role of mineral nutrition in the formation of vegetative biomass.
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