ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL QUALITY IN THE BERESTYNSKYI DISTRICT, KHARKIV REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.14.2025.31Keywords:
pollution, soils, test object, phytotoxic properties, biotestingAbstract
The study presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the phytotoxic properties of soils in the Berestynskyi district of the Kharkiv region, conducted in 2025. The main objective was to determine seasonal variations in soil toxicity and to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic and technogenic factors on soil quality. The bioassay method using Zea mays L. as a test organism was applied to assess the actual biological effects of complex soil contamination. The results revealed a distinct seasonal dynamic in soil toxicity. In spring, the mobilization of toxic compounds dominates due to the accumulation of residual agrochemicals and activation of anaerobic processes following snowmelt. During summer, a significant improvement in soil quality occurs, associated with the stabilization of the water regime, active plant growth, and biochemical detoxification of organic pollutants. In autumn, soils undergo a recovery phase: rainfall and increased microbial activity promote the leaching of toxic substances, the formation of a new humus layer, and stabilization of the chemical balance. Most monitoring sites showed a decrease in contamination levels to Class I–II (uncontaminated or slightly contaminated soils). However, elevated toxicity levels persisted in the Krestyshche area, likely due to oil and gas extraction activities and the accumulation of hydrocarbon compounds. The findings indicate that the region’s soils maintain the capacity for self-purification, biological regeneration, and ecological stabilization, particularly during the summer-autumn period. The study confirms the effectiveness of bioassay methods for assessing the actual toxicity of soils and supports the necessity of systematic monitoring to ensure sustainable agricultural land use and minimize the risk of toxic substance accumulation. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential application of bioassay data for environmental regulation, soil quality control, and the planning of reclamation measures in areas affected by technogenic or military impacts. The results can serve as a scientific basis for developing regional soil monitoring programs aimed at enhancing ecological safety and preserving soil fertility in the long term.
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