ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SERVICE DOGS IN WAR CONDITIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article presents a generalized theoretical analysis of the behavior of service dogs in conditions of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The work of the canine units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the State Border Service of Ukraine, and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine is analyzed. The aim of the study was to examine the key stress factors and mechanisms of adaptation of animals to combat stress. The stated goal involved assessing the effectiveness of service dogs in performing critical tasks, such as demining and searching for the wounded. Ukrainian experience shows that dogs face a complex set of stressors – explosions, shelling, fire, destruction, temperature changes, gas contamination, etc. These factors provoke various behavioral reactions: from temporary anxiety and decreased concentration to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in dogs. Critical adaptation mechanisms that ensure animal resilience include a strong emotional bond and trust between the service dog and the dog handler, deepening the animal's focus through reinforcement of skills and the use of gradual desensitization. An assessment of the effectiveness of canine units based on data from open sources confirms that service dogs demonstrate high performance in carrying out their tasks, proving the importance of their use in combat operations. The practical results of the study are based on the generalization of the data obtained for further use in educational programs for the training of specialists in relevant fields. Emphasis is placed on the need to provide adequate psychological support and further rehabilitation of service dogs in order to restore their physical and mental health.