GENOTYPIC DETERMINATION OF THE FORMATION OF GENERATIVE ORGANS AND YIELD STRUCTURE OF VEGETABLE BEAN VARIETIES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.16.2026.28Keywords:
flageolet, flower, pod, weight of 1000 seed, seed bulk densityAbstract
The study aimed to establish patterns of genotypic determination of the formation of generative organs and yield structure in vegetable bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties of different varietal types in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as to assess the variability of the main morphometric and productivity indicators during 2024–2025. The research was conducted in 2024–2025 under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine using vegetable bean varieties and classical flageolet-type cultivars. The formation of generative organs (number of flowers, pods set, and pods retained), individual plant productivity, pod weight, seed weight (flageolet), weight of a single pod, number of seeds per pod, thousand-seed weight, and seed bulk density were evaluated. Significant differentiation among varieties was established in terms of reproductive development and yield structure indicators. On average, 27.73 flowers, 21.10 pods set, and 14.88 pods retained per plant were formed, confirming the pattern of gradual reduction of generative organs during ontogenesis. Traditional varieties were characterized by higher generative activity (26–31 flowers per plant), more efficient pod set (>70%), and greater stability of yield formation. The flageolet type produced slightly fewer flowers but formed larger pods and bigger seeds. The average weight of one pod was 5.95 g, with 8.95 seeds per pod. Thousand-seed weight ranged from 148.5 to 234.0 g, while seed bulk density varied from 564 to 712 g/L. Calculated coefficients of variation for the main indicators indicate the predominant role of genotypic factors in the formation of yield structure. The formation of generative organs and productivity of vegetable beans is largely determined by the genotypic characteristics of the varieties. Traditional varieties are characterized by higher stability in the realization of their generative potential, whereas the flageolet type forms larger seeds and more massive pods but exhibits greater variability of the indicators. Research prospects. Further studies should focus on investigating genotype × environment interactions and the adaptive potential of bean varieties of different varietal types under conditions of climate change.
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