RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVAR MUDRIST ODESKA TO COMPLEX PREPARATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/naturaljournal.17.2026.18Keywords:
grain productivity, mineral nutrition, NPK, multicomponent preparations, autumn development, yield structure, drought stress, Northern SteppeAbstract
Under the Northern Steppe conditions of Ukraine, the realization of soft winter wheat yield potential strongly depends on mineral nutrition, water regime and the use of physiologically active substances. Modern technologies increasingly employ complex (multicomponent) preparations that combine nutritional, regulatory and anti-stress components and are expected to support plant physiology during critical stages of organogenesis. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to increase and stabilize winter wheat productivity under drought-prone conditions, when moisture deficit restricts tillering, nutrient uptake and grain filling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of combining different mineral nutrition backgrounds with complex preparations in the cultivation technology of the winter wheat cultivar Mudrist Odeska and to determine their impact on grain yield and yield structure elements. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University during 2023–2025. The experimental design included 10 treatments: an unfertilized and untreated control; fertilization backgrounds (basic P10 or complete N45P45K45) and spring top-dressing N30 on thawed soil; and combinations with VitaStar PK+S, Antistress, Polyamide, Defense and the NewPlant iQ line (NEO, Stymulin, UNI) applied at different timings. Autumn plant status (at the end of autumn vegetation), yield structure (productive stems, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight) and grain yield recalculated to 14% moisture were assessed.The results demonstrated that autumn biometrics were primarily determined by the mineral background: under complete fertilization N45P45K45 combined with N30 top-dressing, the mass of 100 absolutely dry plants increased to 4.7–4.8 g, plant height to 13.7–14.3 cm, nodal roots were formed (1.8–1.9 per plant), and favorable tillering node depth (0.8–1.0 cm) was observed, indicating better preparation for overwintering. According to the mean yield for 2024–2025, the maximum grain yield was obtained for the treatment N45P45K45 (basic) + VitaStar (pre-sowing) + Antistress (autumn) + N30 (thawed soil) + Polyamide (spring), reaching 3.93 t/ha, which exceeded the control by 1.88 t/ha. A similar yield level was achieved under N45P45K45 + N30 (3.90 t/ha). Reduced fertilization P10 + N30 provided 3.65 t/ha, while adding the preparation complex increased yield to 3.68 t/ha. Treatments relying mainly on preparations without mineral fertilization produced minor or unstable effects and in some cases decreased yield. Scientific novelty consists in an integrated evaluation of multicomponent preparations across contrasting nutrient backgrounds under moisture deficit and in quantifying the contribution of technological combinations to the formation of productive stem density and final grain yield. Practical significance lies in substantiating the feasibility of using complex preparations as part of integrated nutrient management; the maximum effect is achieved under adequate NPK supply and rational combination of N30 top-dressing with anti-stress and stimulatory components.
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